This is a very good question – we still don’t know exactly! However, we do know a lot of things. For instance, we know two areas of the brain that play an important part in forming language: they are called Broca’s Area and Wernicke’s Area.
The problem with finding out such things, is that we learn the most from people in which one such area is “broken” – so that we can see the effect of going without it. But this is not something you can do in an experiment! So, what we do is put people in a brain scanner (such as this: http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_resonance_imaging).
That’s all I can tell you, I’m afraid – if you want to know more, you need to find a brain scientist!
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